Source-cited criminal-justice statistics, one liftable claim at a time.

As of FY2025, the median federal prison sentence varied 21.8x across U.S. judicial districts — from 4 months in D. New Mexico to 87 months in S.D. Iowa — across 378,458 federal individual-offender sentencing records (USSC, FY2020-FY2025); national median 21 months. Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission datafiles; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-26

Primary source

U.S. Sentencing Commission, Commission Datafiles (individual-offender records, public)

Study

Federal sentencing disparity by district

Aggregate, reproducible from the public USSC datafile; no individual is identified.

As of FY2025, even within a single charge type the geographic gap persists: for federal drug-trafficking cases (n=107,244), the district median prison sentence ranged from 12 to 132 months across the 92 districts with 100+ such cases, against a national median of 60 months (USSC, FY2020-FY2025). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission datafiles; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-26

Primary source

U.S. Sentencing Commission, Commission Datafiles (individual-offender records, public)

Study

Federal sentencing disparity by district

Aggregate, charge-controlled cut reproducible from the public USSC datafile; no individual is identified.

As of 2026-06-16, 14.4% of Florida officer certification-discipline records — 938 of 6,513 records (2012-2026), about 1 in 7 — involved a crimen-falsi (truthfulness) offense such as perjury, false statements, falsifying records, or fraud, the material that can impeach testimony under Brady/Giglio and FRE 608(b). Source: Florida FDLE/CJSTC certification-discipline records; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-16

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement / Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (CJSTC) officer certification-discipline records (public)

Study

Florida officer discipline: crimen-falsi analysis

Aggregate, reproducible from public FDLE/CJSTC records; dismissed charges excluded; no individual officer is identified.

As of 2026-06-16, 45.3% of the Florida officer-discipline records carrying a crimen-falsi (truthfulness) offense — 425 of 938 such records (2012-2026) — ended in certification revocation. Source: Florida FDLE/CJSTC certification-discipline records; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-16

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement / Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (CJSTC) officer certification-discipline records (public)

Study

Florida officer discipline: crimen-falsi analysis

Aggregate, reproducible from public FDLE/CJSTC records; no individual officer is identified.

As of 2026-06-21, BenchRecon compiled recorded criminal case-outcome rates (incarceration, adjudication withheld, diversion, dismissal) for 3,003,839 Florida charge dispositions broken down by type of representation, charge category, and county from the public FDLE CJDT statewide Clerk-of-Court data. These are descriptive, uncontrolled rates dominated by selection effects — they are not adjusted for charge severity, criminal history, or case facts and are not a measure of attorney or public-defender quality. Source: Florida FDLE CJDT Clerk-of-Court data; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-21

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Data Transparency (CJDT) Clerk-of-Court case data (public)

Study

Florida criminal case outcomes by type of representation

Descriptive, uncontrolled aggregate reproducible from public FDLE CJDT data; selection effects dominate; no causal or quality claim; no individual is identified.

As of 2026-06-21, BenchRecon compiled the recorded incarceration rate and confinement-term distribution for 249,618 Florida drug-charge dispositions across 17 recorded substance categories from the public FDLE CJDT statewide Clerk-of-Court data. These are descriptive, uncontrolled rates: they are not adjusted for charge degree or level, trafficking-weight thresholds, criminal history, or jurisdiction, and a substance's higher recorded rate reflects the mix of charges and defendants in that group (confounds), not a property of the drug. Source: Florida FDLE CJDT Clerk-of-Court data; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-21

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Data Transparency (CJDT) Clerk-of-Court case data (public)

Study

Florida drug-sentencing going rate by substance

Descriptive, uncontrolled aggregate reproducible from public FDLE CJDT data; confounds dominate; no causal or predictive claim; no individual is identified.

As of 2026-06-16, excessive force was the least-decertified misconduct category in Florida's officer certification-discipline record: 30.2% of the 189 excessive-force records ended in certification revocation (2012-2026), versus 63.2% for the 399 drug-use (positive-test) records and a 51.7% revocation rate across all 6,513 records. These are descriptive, uncontrolled records-level rates, not adjusted for the statutory severity of each offense category, the plea/settlement dynamics of the CJSTC process, reporting, or the cluster mapping; they measure no institutional intent and predict nothing. Source: Florida FDLE/CJSTC certification-discipline records; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-16

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement / Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (CJSTC) officer certification-discipline records (public)

Study

Florida officer-discipline outcomes by misconduct type

Descriptive, uncontrolled category-level aggregate reproducible from public FDLE/CJSTC records; confounds named; no institutional-intent or predictive claim; no individual officer or identifying agency is named.

As of 2026-06-21, BenchRecon compiled the recorded incarceration rate and confinement-term distribution for 4,258,925 Florida charge dispositions with a valid recorded defendant age, across 7 age bands, from the public FDLE CJDT statewide Clerk-of-Court data. These are descriptive, uncontrolled rates: they are not adjusted for charge degree or level, criminal history, jurisdiction, or the youthful-offender designation, they are not a claim about age bias, and a band's recorded rate reflects which charges reach that age group and against whom (confounds), not a property of age. Source: Florida FDLE CJDT Clerk-of-Court data; BenchRecon analysis.

Data snapshot

2026-06-21

Primary source

Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Criminal Justice Data Transparency (CJDT) Clerk-of-Court case data (public)

Study

Florida sentencing outcomes by defendant age band

Descriptive, uncontrolled aggregate reproducible from public FDLE CJDT data; confounds dominate; no causal, predictive, or age-bias claim; no individual is identified.